TÜRKİYE ORTA ASYA HABER KKUORDİNATÖRÜ

KARACHAY TURKS ARE BLOOD BROTHERS WITH HUNGARIANS. Origin Karachays and Balkars are listed among the indigenous peoples of the North Caucasus, but the Karachay-Balkar languages ​​are unique because they belong to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic family, whose origins lie in Central and North Asia, and this has led to much debate about how they underwent Kipchakization. [13] [14] According to Ismail Miziev, a Balkar historian, ethnographer and archaeologist specializing in North Caucasian studies [ru], theories about the origins of the Karachays and neighboring Balkars are "one of the most difficult problems in Caucasian studies" [15] because they are "a Turkic-speaking people living in the most Alpine regions of Central Caucasus, in an environment where Caucasian and Iranian (Ossetian) languages ​​are spoken." [ 15 ] Another expert from Ankara University, Professor Ufuk Tavkul, positions the ethnogenesis of the Karachay-Balkars and Kumyks within the Caucasus, not outside of it; [ 16 ] he then succinctly describes the ethnogenesis of the Caucasian peoples, including the Karachay and Balkars, as follows: In the first millennium BC, various groups representing the ancestors of the Abkhaz/Adyghe, Ossetian, and Karachay-Balkar peoples lived in the Caucasus and contributed to the emergence of these peoples to varying degrees. From the 7th century BC onwards, groups such as the Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Huns, Bulgar Turks, Avars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Kipchaks, etc., invaded and settled in the Caucasus, causing a radical change in the ethnic map of Central Caucasus. The assimilation of local Caucasian peoples with Caucasian anthropological features that brought to life the Koban culture of the Bronze Age resulted in the emergence of Iranian-speaking Ossetians and Turkic-speaking Karachay-Balkars in the Central Caucasus. Ossetian and Karachay-Balkar peoples and cultures were definitely fundamentally influenced by the Caucasian substratum of Koban culture (Betrozov 2009: 227). — "About the Karachay-Malkars: Ethnogenesis", Sipos & Tavkul (2015), Karachay-Malkar folk songs, p. 44. [ 17 ] Other research by Boulygina et al. (2020) shows the genetic link of the Karachays to the prehistoric Koban culture. [18] A genetic study published in the Russian Journal of Genetics in 2019 stated: "The Balkars and Karachays belong to the Caucasian anthropological type. Based on the results of craniology, somatology, odontology, and dermatoglyphs, it has been concluded that the Balkars and Karachays are of indigenous (Caucasian) origin, have kinship with representatives of neighboring ethnic groups, and that the Central Asian component played a minor role in their ethnogenesis." [19] Many scientists and historians have tried to study this issue, but "the complexity of the problem has led to numerous hypotheses, often contradicting each other." According to Miziev, "The Balkars and Karachays are among the oldest nations of the Caucasus. The roots of their history and culture are closely intertwined with the history and culture of many Caucasian peoples, as well as numerous Turkic nations, from Yakutia to Türkiye, from Azerbaijan to Tatarstan, from Kumyk and Nogay to Altai and Khakas." [ 15 ] Through the work of Miziev, Tavkul, Szczśniak and other ethnolinguists in Russia, Turkey and the surrounding areas, the emergence of the Karachays and Balkars can be attributed to: Ancient Caucasian peoples such as the Circassians, Georgians, Durdzuks and Armenians. [ 13 ] [ 15 ] Turkic Oghur Bulgars and Khazars living in ancient Great Bulgaria and the Khazar Khaganate. Batbayan was Kubrat's only son who remained in the Caucasus, while his four brothers migrated from the North Caucasus to the Balkans, the Italian Peninsula, Central Europe and the Volga River; one of these formations became Bulgaria, founded by the same Turkic Bulgar people but largely Slavicized, becoming Slavic Bulgars; the other and last surviving Oghurs are the modern Chuvash people; Some believe that Hungarians are also partly of Oghur origin due to the Oghurs' adaptation and assimilation into other identities. [13][15][20] The invasion of the Iranian tribe Alans in the 8th century and the first wave of migration of the Kipchaks, later with their Cuman allies. [13] The capital of Alania was Maghas; some writers and historians find the capital in present-day Arkhyz, in the mountains now inhabited by the Karachay-Balkars, while others locate the capital either in present-day Ingushetia or North Ossetia. [13][15] The result of the Tohtamysh-Timur war in 1395, in which Timur crushed Tohtamysh's Kipchak soldiers and drove them into the mountains; This second wave of Kipchaks, now Islamized and unlike the first Kipchak migration or even the earlier Oguri migration mentioned above, brought with them the Borjigin Turk-Mongol heritage, and later intermarriages with various tribes contributed to the Kipchakization of a group of North Caucasian peoples and the formation of the modern Turk-Mongolized Caucasian-Iranian tribes, the Karachays and Balkars. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] History The Karachays and Balkars are among the indigenous peoples of the North Caucasus with deep ties to the prehistoric Koban culture.