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WORLD TURKISH NEWS / WORLDPRESS In Germany, Hitler came to power using the economic crisis and simultaneously claiming to defend the Fatherland. Trump came to power in America using the same arguments. Erdoğan came to power in Turkey in this way. Erdoğan has an Islamofascist identity, and Trump in America also has a fascist identity. ICE, the federal internal security and border police, also functions as an SS or Gestapo, meaning they are trying to govern with Hitler's tactics. Hitler Ran for President The Great Depression provided a political opportunity for Hitler. Germans were hesitant about the parliamentary republic, which faced challenges from right-wing and left-wing extremists. Moderate political parties were increasingly ineffective in stopping the rise of extremism, and the 1929 German referendum, which formally rejected the Treaty of Versailles and nearly passed a law criminalizing German officials from cooperating in the collection of war reparations, helped the rise of Nazi ideology. The September 1930 elections resulted in the collapse of the grand coalition and the formation of a minority government. Chancellor Heinrich Brüning of the Centre Party governed under the emergency decrees of President Paul von Hindenburg. Decree rule became the new norm, paving the way for authoritarian forms of government. The Nazi Party (NSDAP), emerging from obscurity, became the second-largest party in parliament in the 1930 elections, winning 18.3% of the vote and 107 seats. Brüning's austerity measures yielded little economic improvement and were highly unpopular. Hitler seized this opportunity, directing his political message particularly to groups affected by the inflation of the 1920s and the Great Depression, such as farmers, war veterans, and the middle class. Hitler ran against Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. In January 1932, a speech he gave at the Industrial Club in Düsseldorf secured him the support of many of Germany's most powerful industrialists. Hindenburg, in turn, received support from various nationalist, monarchist, Catholic, and republican parties, as well as some social democrats. Hitler used the slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler Over Germany"), referring to his political ambitions and his election campaigns conducted by plane. He was one of the first politicians to use air travel for political purposes, and he used it effectively. Hitler came in second in both rounds of the election and received more than 35% of the vote in the final election. Despite losing to Hindenburg, this election positioned Hitler as a powerful figure in German politics. Appointment as Chancellor The absence of an effective government led two influential politicians, Franz von Papen and Alfred Hugenberg, along with various industrialists and businessmen, to write a letter to Hindenburg. The signatories urged Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as the leader of a government "independent of parliamentary parties," arguing that this government could become a movement that "enchants millions." After two parliamentary elections in July and November 1932 failed to produce a majority government, Hindenburg reluctantly agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor. Hitler headed a short-lived coalition government formed by the NSDAP and Hugenberg's German National People's Party (DNVP). On January 30, 1933, the new cabinet was sworn in at a brief ceremony in Hindenburg's office. The NSDAP won three ministerial positions: Hitler became chancellor, Wilhelm Frick became Minister of the Interior, and Hermann Göring became the Prussian Minister of the Interior. Hitler had insisted on these ministerial positions to gain control of the police force in much of Germany. Hitler is greeted with applause by a large crowd at the window of a large stone building. German Chancellor Hitler: Hitler is greeted with applause from the window of the Reich Chancellery on the evening of January 30, 1933, after assuming office as chancellor. The Reichstag Fire and the March Elections As chancellor, Hitler worked against the attempts by the NSDAP's opponents to form a majority government. Due to the political impasse, he asked Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag again, and elections were to be held in early March. On February 27, 1933, the Reichstag building was set on fire. Göring blamed a communist conspiracy, citing the presence of the Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe inside the burning building under incriminating circumstances. According to British historian Sir Ian Kershaw, almost all historians agree that van der Lubbe actually started the fire. Others, including William L. Shirer and Alan Bullock, believe that the NSDAP itself was responsible. At Hitler's insistence, Hindenburg responded with the Reichstag Fire Decree of February 28, which suspended fundamental rights and authorized arrest without trial. The decree granted the president the authority to ensure public safety.