POLONYA LILARIN ATALARI TÜRKTÜR

The ancestors of the Poles are Turks The History of Polonezkoy Author: Cosmos Decadence Decadence Between 1772 and 1795, the territory of Poland was divided between Russia, Austria and Prussia. During the following 123 years, Poland lost its independence. During this period, a great uprising began, especially against Russia in 1830. However, with the unsuccessful end of the uprising, a great migration began. Most of the immigrants have gone to various European cities, especially France. Some of its leaders, who failed in the national uprisings, also took refuge in the Ottoman Empire and continued their struggle in the Ottoman Empire. Meanwhile, Prince Adam Czartoryski first held negotiations with Nam Dec Pasha in Paris in 1833 for the settlement of immigrants on Ottoman lands. However, these plans could not be realized. Later, the reform movements that were being carried out in the Ottoman Empire (the Tanzimat Edict of 1839) created favorable conditions for the activities of Polish immigrants. In addition, the Treaty of London, signed in 1841, led to a partial restriction of Russian activities in Turkey. Following these developments, Polish statesman and leader of the immigrant community Prince Adam Czartoryski opened an Eastern Agency in Istanbul in connection with the political immigrant association he founded in Paris and gave its management to Michal Czajkowski. Czajkowski contacted the Lazarian priests located near Istanbul and brought up the creation of a shelter for Poles on the farm lands owned by these priests. as a result of the treaty signed with the initiatives of Prince Adam Czartoryski in 1842, these lands were leased indefinitely and given to the use of Polish settlers. Again, in 1842, the village was given the name “Adampol” with a religious ceremony. The village got this name from its founder, Adam Czartoryski. Adampol means Adam's field. This Polish colony on Ottoman territory is the first village established outside the fragmented Polish state and Polish borders. in the first records from 1842, there are the names of 12 people who lived in the village. while 19 Poles survived in 1843, it is seen that only 3 people remained in 1857 due to the harsh living conditions. There are also those who temporarily join the population of a few people who live permanently in the village. Those who leave the village are temporarily replaced by new ones. in 1848, there was a great uprising for freedom in Hungary and Poland. This uprising, which was started for the independence of the nations, was suppressed by the Russians and Austrians. The fact that Adampol is a place of refuge for Polish refugees has gained importance again after the “Spring of Nations” movement was defeated in Hungary. At that time, hundreds of Poles came to the Ottoman Empire. It is estimated that the number of new immigrants who Decamped to Adampol between 1849 and 1851 was around 100. The real turning point in the village's history was the Crimean War. 38 people from the soldiers who participated in the Crimean War (1853-1856) in the Ottoman Army under the command of Michal Czajkowski (Mehmet Sadiq Pasha) settled in Adampol after the demobilization of the division. According to another source, the number of those who settled in Adampol after the Crimean War is 58. In addition, a second Polish village was established on Ottoman territory with the settlement of about 150 of the soldiers serving in this division. After the Crimean War, the population of the village reached 121 people in 1856. Then, with the liquidation of Derbina, another Polish village established in the Ottoman Empire, new settlers came to the village in 1859. In the following periods, the last uprising that took place in Poland began in 1863 against the Russians. However, this uprising also failed to achieve its goal. After the mentioned uprising, a new group of young and educated immigrants came to Adampol. in 1863 there were 100 Polish families in the colony. Then, after the Ottoman Russian War (1877-1878), there were Polish immigrants who came to Adampol. in 1880, a document was signed on the purchase of the village lands from the Lazerians, and in 1883, Prince Wladyslaw Czartoryski (Adam's son) bought the village After the purchase of the lands of Adampol by a Polish, the village became the only place in the world where Poles lived and the country where they were located left the village administration free and did not exert influence. In other words, there was no pressure or coercion by the Ottoman Empire on the administration of Polonezkoy. 19. yy. although there were deaths from settlers in the end, it is stated that there were more than 150 people in the village. It is estimated that the population of the village reached 220 during the period when it was ez more. polonezkoy-history in 1908, Adampol was placed on an equal position with other Turkish villages in terms of rights and duties. After Poland gained independence in 1918, some of the political immigrants in Turkey returned to Poland. Most of the 200 people who stayed in Turkey at that time lived in Polonezkoy. After the establishment of the Republic, “Adampol” officially took the name “Polonezkoy” . Later, in 1938, the residents of the village were granted citizenship of the Republic of Turkey. In the 1960s, when Turkey was going through an economically difficult period, a third of the residents of Polonezkoy emigrated abroad, especially to Australia and Germany, and Turks began to buy the lands of the immigrants. Thus, it was the case that Turks also began to live in the village. in 1975, it was determined that there were 10 Turkish farms in the village. The last stage in the socio-economic change of the village is the period up to the present day. There have been many radical changes at this stage. According to Latka (1992), two main factors have been effective in changing the characteristics of the village during this period. The first of these is that the road connecting the village with Beykoz district was opened in 1960. With the opening of the new road, transportation to the village became easier; those who wanted to relax in the village began to fill the village in crowded groups and the village was flooded with tourists. Since preparing a place to sleep and food is a lighter task than farming and raising animals and takes less time, village residents turned to boarding houses; this path soon became the main source of livelihood for the vast majority. This situation led to the construction of additional buildings and new houses first October, and then to changes in the behavior and consciousness of the village residents. the second main factor underlying the adampol-paul-Ziolkowski exchange is that peasants gained land ownership rights in 1968. Until then, the property right belongs to the heirs of Prince Wladyslaw Czartoryski, and the heirs gave up this right in 1968. Thus, the purchase and sale of village lands became possible; some villagers began to sell their lands and new settlers began to come to the village. These are mostly the rich of Istanbul, due to the high land prices. On the other hand, the migration of workers abroad, which is generally observed throughout Turkey and especially intensified in the 1960s, also affected Polonezkoy, and it was observed that the young population migrated to Germany and Australia until the 1970s. The satisfactoriness of the revenues from tourism has stopped this migration over time. With the development of tourism, an intensive labor force need has emerged and this need has been met from outside the village. Tokatlılar, who came to the region as forestry workers in the 1960s, merged with the village people in a short time and the labor needs in question were almost completely met by Tokatliler. Today, Tokatli constitute the most important group among the population of Polonezkoy. However, neither the fact that the rich people from Istanbul settled in the village nor the Tokat Residents formed the majority of the population does not change the Polish characteristic of the village. For example, in the election of the village headman, there are no candidates from those other than those of Polish origin, and it is ensured that the village administration is carried out by those of Polish origin. In the modern society phase, the village economy is completely based on tourism and recreational activities. According to an up-to-date determination, there are 3 hotels with a capacity of 260 beds and 23 hostels with a capacity of 600 beds within the village boundaries. In addition, various recreation resources such as buffets and restaurants, sports facilities, ponds, hiking trails and a zoo are also located on the village boundaries. The fact that the forests around the village were protected with the status of a Nature Park in 1994 along with the village boundaries has increased the attractiveness of the village one more time. The region experiences a heavy influx of visitors, especially in the spring and autumn months, and the number of daily visitors increases to over 5000 during these periods.