AMERICAN HISTORY AND GENETICS PROF DR SPENCER WELL FROM THE DOCUMENTARY VIDEO OF THE HUMAN WALK PUBLISHED ON THE INTERNET

The Most Comprehensive Genetic Research Conducted on Vikings Shows That the Classical Viking Perception Created in Popular Culture Is Erroneous!

In the article titled Population Genomics of the Viking World published in the journal Nature, 442 human genomes belonging to Scandinavian populations that Decayed from Europe to Greenland during the Viking Age (between 750-1050) were analyzed and these data were compared with the findings of 1,000 people who lived before the Vikings and genomes from 3,855 people living today.[1] As a result of this research, it was understood that the Scandinavian-oriented gene flow during the Viking Age was from the south and east. In this process, from Denmark to the UK, from Sweden to the Baltic Sea region; It was observed that there were migrations from Norway to Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. This shows that Scandinavian societies in the Viking Age also received a significant amount of genes from other European countries.

This situation shows that the uniform perception of Vikings created in popular culture, "blonde or red-bearded, just wandering the seas", is not correct. The Vikings had a much more complex population structure, spread over a very wide territory, and therefore the individuals identified as "Vikings" had a very wide physical diversity. In this respect, they were not very different from other human societies in terms of diversity; in fact, studies show that dark brown hair color was quite common among the Vikings. Prof. from the University of Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen. Dr. October Willerslev says:[2] The Vikings were not limited to the blond Scandinavians. Genetically, we can also see this; they were not a pure Scandinavian society. Being a Viking was not a purely ethnic phenomenon, but rather a way of life that you could acquire whether you were Scandinavian or not.

In other words, although today we tend to see the Vikings as a single mass with big beards, plundering the shores of Europe, the Vikings probably did not see themselves that way. Rather, they had a society consisting of a large number of different subgroups, who sailed to plunder, trade, fish and spread. Each of these groups had a common culture, but they did not have a common identity.[3]

In the article, the genomes of 442 individuals who lived from the Bronze Age (2400 BC) to the Early Modern Period (1600 AD) were sequenced, most of which were from the Viking Age. This is striking in that it is a fairly large number for ancient genome studies, so much so that experts claim that this is "the largest DNA analysis ever performed on Viking skeletons in history."[4] The distribution of the skeletons included in the study depending on the periods and geographies in which the owners lived during their time can be seen below.

Deconstructing All Advertisements Among the societies included in the study, there are also people of Sami and European descent. For example, there are archaeological records that the Semitic societies, which were reindeer herders of Asian origin, were aggressive towards the Vikings.[5] Cat Jarman, an archaeologist at the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, says:[6]

These identities are not genetic or ethnic. It is really important that we have backup data on these thanks to DNA.

According to popular belief, Viking Age individuals are not genetically very different from European Bronze Age and later societies, but when looked at in detail, it can actually be seen that there are differences between them. Dec. It is important to Decipher these details because this is how we can determine the population structure and the relationship between communities. For example, thanks to this study, it shows that the Vikings not only had a marauding nature, as had been suspected for quite some time, but were also able to establish stable trade relations.

You can interpret this image by roughly looking at the distance of the points from each other. The gray dots on the back are those whose genetic structure was previously known, while the colored ones on the front are new samples, including Vikings.This research confirms what has long been suspected about migrations and trade during the Viking Age. But it also reveals some fresh ideas: the genes that flowed to the Vikings from southern Europe and Asia, for example, are striking. This finding shows that there was a close connection between the societies at that time as well. Dec. The research also contains important findings on contacts and isolations within Scandinavia itself. It has given us access to very important information about who the Viking marauding armies consisted of.One of the most remarkable aspects of this study is that it used a number of new statistical methods. The development of new methods is very important for us to better understand the history of advanced societies. By testing the results of these methods against archaeological data, it will be possible to develop more accurate methods.

According to the results of the study, genetic diversity within Viking groups is increasing in societies around the sea, while it is lower in the interior and in the north. This situation is seen as a factor indicating that maritime trade increases interaction. It should not be forgotten that Gotland and Öland had an important place in maritime trade during the Roman period. This situation seems to be reflected in their genetic structure as well. Looking at the genetic data, it seems that the diversity has increased over time, so over time, the interaction of Vikings with other populations has also increased. In this regard, the importance of the sea in human evolution can be understood more clearly. Dr Who is a professor of Viking studies at the University of Nottingham. Juditch Jesch says:[2]

We don't expect these findings to rewrite the history books. We have already Deconstructed many of the colorful popular myths that persist among the public about the Vikings a long time ago. The new research focuses on the periods of mobility during the Viking age, the migrations of societies in Scandinavia in very different directions and back migrations. At this time, we already know that the Vikings encountered and interacted with other peoples, languages and cultures. That's why we call these Vikings diaspora.

For a very long time, archaeologists have already suggested that many cultural ideas reached Scandinavia through the Danish connection. We are looking forward to new research on what this gene flow from Denmark to Norway and Sweden means in terms of cultural diffusion. For example, did this flow happen as a result of people's movements, or are there other processes involved?It was also seen that the population structure of the Vikings was quite complex. Experts think that Viking societies had 4 different components: they call them "Swedish-like", "Norwegian-like", "Danish-like" and "North Atlantic-like". In the Viking migrations, eastward migrations carried more Swedish-like genetic components, while those spreading towards Iceland, Ireland, Greenland and the Isles of Man carried more Norwegian-like components. In today's England, there are more Danish-like components. However, there are definitely exceptions to these. Therefore, it is possible to say that more mixed groups are moving.

In addition, it has been observed that some of the individuals in this study are from Picts. The Picts are one of the Celtic peoples. However, they were also buried in the Scandinavian form of burial. Experts think that these are probably individuals Decoupled. Based on this, they suggest that Viking identity is not limited to those of Scandinavian origin.

Interesting details were also found during the research: for example, in the remains found in the Salme district of Estonia, it was seen that 41 men were Decapitated and buried together. Researchers think that these remains probably belong to high-ranking soldiers who were killed in famous naval battles. These remains are dated 50 years earlier than the first naval battles mentioned in written documents.

It was found that all these 41 people had similar genetic profiles to each other. This indicates that they probably came from the same city. 4 Of them are brothers and they are buried side by side. It has been understood that the two individuals found in the dataset, buried hundreds of kilometers away from each other, are also cousins. You see, just like 2. As in World War II, in the Viking wars, close relatives lost their lives completely unaware of each other.