Pre-Turks (Proto-Turks) Pre-Turks , in the historical periods before the Göktürks (6. communities that have existed (before a century) and have some social characteristics that were later adopted by the Turks, who are estimated to speak languages belonging to the Turkish language family[citation needed]. Some scholars agree that the word "Tue'kue" [1] mentioned in ancient Chinese writings means Turkish, and they maintain that it is possible to trace the phenomenon of "Turkish" back to the centuries before B.C. However, most western scientists, M.P 6. he does not use the word "Turk" for the period before the emergence of the Göktürk Khaganate in the middle of the century and gives the name Prototürk or Pre-Turk to peoples who are older than that and are related to the Turks. The first Turkic speakers About 10,000 years ago, the last ice age came to an end, the waters of the melting glaciers began to fill the seas that had fallen again. The Asia-American connection that had existed until this time Decamped again in Beringia, putting an end to the nomadic traffic that had been taking place between the two continents until then. The ancestors of the Turks, by Western historians M.D. m with 2500 .D. starting with the Afanasiyevo culture between the years 1700 and Dec.D. M by 1700.D. it is based on the Brachyphesal race, which has nothing in common with Decocephalous mongolites, which continued with the Andronovo Culture between 1200 years. This race has a warrior and nomadic culture, M.D. Dec Altay is known to have spread in masses to the region between the Altai Mountains and the God Mountains after the 1700 years.[2][3] It is possible to clearly reveal the lifestyles of these Decumbent-eyed and brachycephalic nomadic communities, whose earliest ancestors the Turks must have been among, by finding the commonalities of the Siberian and Alaskan natives at that time. The resulting landscape shows a well-developed nomadic culture. The oldest ancestors of the Turks lived like this for a long time, and developed this culture through animal husbandry. M.D.it is believed that they lived as reindeer breeders in the taiga climate of Siberia for up to 450 years. M.D.It has been proven by the examination of skulls found in the region that they moved towards Mongolia from 450 and smuggled the Indo-European peoples there from there. Jean-Paul Roux describes the geographical distribution of the Altay peoples during this period in his book The History of the Turks as follows: The oldest Central Asian human geography table, in which we cannot find a more or less reliable location, places the Pre-Tunguses at the easternmost extreme, that is, today's Manchuria, and the Pre-Mongols in Eastern Mongolia and Western Mancuria. On the other hand, it places the Pre-Turks by spreading them over a large part of Mongolia and a little further west in the direction of Lake Balkash. Apart from this, all the remaining regions and the steppes in the south and west are the regions of Indo-Europeans and paleo-Asians, and the smallest Altay settlement has not yet been found in these regions. He was called Karasuk in Siberia at the time (M.D.1200-700) and a regular increase in brachycephalic skulls found during excavations in the Minusinsk region, located on the Upper Yenisei coast. This is most likely due to the fact that the Pre-Turks settled here in subsequent periods. In the Tagar age (M.D.700-300) the same situation occurred in the Altay region. And finally M.D.after the year 300, an increase in brachycephalus occurred in Southern Siberia and the south of the Altay mountain range. Therefore, we can say that the ancestors of the Turks, who had always stayed in the north until that day, reached the northern regions of the Balkash Steppe and the Tien-Shan Mountains at the beginning of the millennium, at first gradually, and then suddenly broke away. These newcomers expelled the Indo-Europeans who came in front of them, mingled with them or influenced them to adopt their own culture and language. Most likely, the Kyrgyz also came under this influence, and together with them for the first time (?) A people who are Indo-European, at least non-Mongoloid, also joins the Turks Dec. (Page 53/54) Of the Pre-Turks, from a cultural point of view M.It is suggested that they were influenced by areas such as Afanasyevo culture, Anav Culture, Andronovo Culture, Karasuk culture, Kelteminar Culture in terms of their previous dark periods, and that Turkish culture was fed from these historical circles. According to Kazim Mirshan's theses, the most basic evidence showing that the Turks used alphabetic writing is the evidence in the monumental tomb known as the Man in the golden dress, located in the city of Alma-Ata (Almaty), Kazakhstan, in 1970. This monumental tomb is located in the town of Esik, about 50 km north of Alma-Ata. The two-line inscription on the silver container placed in the grave with him next to the man in the golden dress was read by Kazim Mirshan in Turkish. Kazakh Historian Prof. Dr. Olcas Suleymanof has read in the same way. As a result of Soviet and Kazakh research conducted in the light of this find, the man in the golden dress M.D.it is believed that he lived more than 500 years ago. It is claimed that the writing on the silver container found with the man in the golden dress was written in the Pre-Turkish alphabet. [4][5][6] On the other hand, some researchers, such as Kazim Mirshan, put forward a different Turkish historiography. Pre-Turkic communities Besides the Huns, who are the most famous Pre-Turks, it is thought that there are Pre-Turks in some historical communities described in historical Chinese annals and still known only by their Chinese names to this day[1]. The most well-known of these are: Hiung-nu, Vu sun, Tukyu (Tue'kue, Tuyku or Tu'kut), Yüan yüan, Ting ling (or Dingling. Tölesler in the history books of Turkish origin) and I li.[1] Way of life in the Pre-Turks An image from the Selenga region where the Pre-Turks lived in history Steppe Main article: Steppe empire Turks who are thought to have descended from the Siberian and present-day Russian plains to the Central Asian steppes for reasons such as geographical imperatives and climate changes, have experienced a transition process from forest hunting to nomadic herding. The fact that the words related to forestry and forest life in the Turkish language are older than the words related to steppe life and the fact that horses given the appearance of reindeer were removed in the Pazırık Kurgan confirms this process. Due to geographical conditions and climatic changes or unknown reasons, most of the Turkish tribes have moved from sedentary and forestry life to steppe life and have somehow adapted to steppe life. It is believed that today's East Turkestan, Mongolia and the Altay regions were the homeland of the Turks in the Ancient and early Middle Ages. This area is; it is a Declivity ranging from 1200 to 1400 meters. In this terrain consisting of large depressions and elevations, the height of the Altay Mountains is more than 4600 meters. The area where Ötüken is located is around 4000 meters. The area where Chungarya and the Gobi Desert are located receives less than 100 millimeters of precipitation per year. In today's East Turkestan, Mongolia and Altay regions, the annual precipitation does not exceed 200 millimeters. In winter, the cold is severe: it drops to -50 degrees. Most of the winter the ground is under snow. The weather can be very hot in summer, or storms can also be seen in bad past years. There are meadows at the foot of the heights, which are covered with frequent spruce, pine, fir forests. In the pit places, there are pastures with trees and shrubs. The lands going from these regions towards China and the lands going towards Iran are covered with endless steppes and deserts. In the Siberian regions close to Altai, there is a taiga climate. In such an area, the basis of the economy in the communities living in Antiquity and the Middle Ages is based on animal husbandry. Horse and sheep farming is carried out most often on the wide steppes. Besides these, camels and cattle are also fed. A rope is made by bending sheep's wool, and carpets and rugs are produced from it. Due to the Andronova and Afanasyevo Culture ruins, scientists point to Central Asia as the main homeland of the carpet. Especially in nomadic societies, which constitute the majority of the Central Asian population, animal husbandry was at the forefront. For this reason, human communities living a nomadic life in the Central Asian steppes used to migrate along a certain path by determining summer areas and winter areas. The migrations were not random. The places to migrate and the routes to be followed were determined in advance. Due to such a steppe life, the Calendar of Twelve Animals has developed. This calendar depends on the cycle between the sun and the moon and natural events such as the "Decapitation of a deer", the "birth of an animal", the"return of a migratory bird". In the steppe life, there was not much desire for vegetables. Milk millet, cheese, yogurt and kimiz, made from mare's milk, were the main foodstuffs of Central Asian communities. The need to store horse and sheep meat has led to the development of "primitive canning". In nomadic communities, "alfalfa" and "millet" had a lot of importance. Cars and Tents A yurt in Central Asia Journeys made on any occasion or seasonally were made by cold-based camels, carts or "sleds" called "two humped camels". "Sledges" have been mentioned in inscriptions and are also depicted with carved paintings. Camels were used mostly in trade. In migrations between the plateau and the barracks, animal-Decked cars were preferred. These vehicles reigned unrivaled in steppe life. These carts were pulled by oxen and, even more rarely, by camels. As found in a tomb in the Pazırık Kurgan, the dimensions of these cars were quite large. According to an example at hand, the height was 3 meters, the width was 3.35 meters, and the diameter of the wheels was 2.15 meters. As in the Chinese records, "hundreds of them were also moving slowly in a straight line". During the Hun period, two-wheeled Chinese cars called "tie-lo" or "ting-ling" were also used to transport families. These cars, which were literally nomadic cars, were real residences in which household gods were enthroned, women were spinning wool, sewing. The use of these carts did not eliminate the use of the "felt tent" or it was not a substitute utensil.