ANCIENT HISTORY OF BRAZIL:Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil) or officially the Federal Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: About this soundRepública Federativa do Brasil is the largest and most populous country in South America. It covers 47.7% of Latin America. It borders all South American countries except Ecuador and Chile. neighbor.[5]

The population of Brazil, which is the sixth most populous country in the world, consists of approximately 210.2 million people as of 2019.

These migrations lasted until 800 B.C. Gene D.matlock O People of the World, you are all Turkish in the book Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, whose ancestors were Turkish.

They are people who are the ancestors of the people of many countries in South America.

Main article: Colony of Brazil

On April 21, 1500, Pedro Alveras Cabral, a Portuguese sailor, set foot in South America with the thought of going to India and declared that he had conquered the country in the name of the Portuguese king. In 1530, during an expedition led by Martin Alfonso de Sousa, they founded the cities of Rio de Janeiro and a year later São Vicente, a suburb of today's city of Santos, at strategic points.

Salvador, formerly Bahia, was founded in 1549 and was the capital of Brazil until 1763.

The city of Piratiningo was also founded in 1532 in an elevated area near São Vicente. From 1580, when the Portuguese came under Spanish rule, to 1640, Brazil became a Spanish colony. In 1640, the Portuguese recaptured Brazil. The seat of government was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. Because this place was more suitable to be a center geographically and strategically. The city of Piratiningo was founded in 1532 in a high region near São Vicente. From 1580, when the Portuguese came under Spanish rule, to 1640, Brazil became a Spanish colony. In 1640, the Portuguese recaptured Brazil. The seat of government was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. Because this place was more suitable to be a center geographically and strategically.

In 1698, an abundance of gold was found in São Paulo. Later, as a result of expeditions made inland to the Amazon basin, other gold mines were found. Although various feudal groups emerged in the region, they did not live long and united again.

In 1572, the system that divided Brazil into two, consisting of Salvador and Rio de Janeiro in terms of administration, continued until the 17th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish, English, French and Germans tried to seize this region from time to time, but they could not succeed. Upon the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, the royal family and some of the state's dignitaries fled to Brazil and established their government headquarters in Rio de Janeiro the following year.

Meanwhile, Brazil's population was 2,500,000, of which 400,000 were whites, 1,300,000 blacks, and 800,000 indigenous people. Blacks were brought from Africa as slaves in 1538 to work in the large sugarcane farms and mines. After Napoleon's defeat to European states in 1819, King of Portugal VI. João returned to Portugal, leaving his son, Dom Pedro, as Governor-General of Brazil.

empire and republic

Main article: Empire of Brazil

"Proclamation of the Republic", Benedito Calixto, 1893

In 1822, when the Portuguese parliament wanted to restore the status of the first colony, the Brazilians started the independence movement under the leadership of Dom Pedro Jose Boni Facia de Andrada Silvan and declared their independence on September 7, 1822. The established Brazilian Empire adopted a liberal constitution in 1824. After irregular wars, the Portuguese had to accept the independence of Brazil. The Brazilian Empire lasted until 1889.

Brazil was the only country in Latin America that was ruled by a monarchy for a long time. In 1831, Dom Pedro was forced to abdicate by his son, Dom Pedro the Second. The foundations of modern Brazil were laid during the reign of Dom Pedro II. In 1888, 800,000 peasants were liberated. In 1889, with a bloodless coup, the royal administration was overthrown and the republic administration was established. With the military coup on November 15, 1889, Emperor II. Pedro was deposed and a republic was declared in the country which had been ruled by a monarchy since 1822, and the leader of the coup, Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca, became the country's first president.[6] Providing political unity in 1914, Brazil was recognized by all the countries of the world.

Brazilian National Congress; Brasília is the capital of Brazil. It was built between 1956-1960. It was designed under the leadership of city planner Lúcio Costa and chief architect Oscar Niemeyer and took a short period of 3.5 years.