THE ANCIENTS OF NORWAY, FINLAND, DENMARK AND SWEDEN TURKISH GENRE WIKINGS ARE TURKISH KAMI SWEDEN HISTORY PROF SWEN LAGER BRING

   Humans settled in Norway around 12,000 BC after the end of the last ice age. Rock-cut paintings from the Stone Age and Bronze Age have been found in Scandinavia. The period from the Roman Empire to around 800 is Scandinavia's Iron Age. There are Runic Stones from this period that have survived to the present day.

At the turn of the 9th century, Norway consisted of many small kingdoms. In 872, King Harald the Blonde succeeded in uniting these small kingdoms under one flag and establishing a united Norwegian state.8.-11. Between the 19th century, the tribe known as the Vikings ruled in Norway. Known as a warlike nation, the Vikings established colonies in the west, reaching as far as Great Britain, Iceland, Greenland, and even North America. In the east, they established settlements extending to the shores of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Much of England remained under Viking rule during this period. Today, Ireland's largest cities, Dublin and Cork, were founded by Vikingle (TURKISH NATURE DIR) during this period.

Around the year 1000, Christian missionaries began to spread Christianity in Norway. Haakon I, son of Harald I, was the first Norwegian king to convert to Christianity. King II. After Olaf Haraldsson's death in 1030, the Danes took over Norway. Norway became part of the North Sea Empire founded by the Danish king Knud.

King VI of Norway in 1363. Håkon King of Denmark IV. He married Valdemar's daughter, Margrete I, and united the two countries under one flag. Håkon was also related to the Swedish royal family. Born of the couple's marriage, II. Olaf was expected to become king of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. However, upon Olaf's early death in 1387, Margrete I ascended the throne (1387-1412). Under Margrete's rule, in 1397 Sweden, Norway, Denmark and their colonies (Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and Finland) merged into one great Scandinavian Empire under the name of the Kalmar Union.

New Age

See also: Reformation, Colonization era, and Napoleonic Wars

Stockholm massacre

The Kalmar Union was a troubled union from its foundation until its collapse. Swedish nobility was never content to be ruled by the Danes. The union remained largely on paper. King II. Christian had about 100 separatist Swedes captured and killed between 7-10 November 1520 in order to force Sweden to unite. This event, which went down in history as the Stockholm massacre, further alienated the Swedes from the union.

Finally, in 1521, Sweden officially separated from the Kalmar Union. Meanwhile, Scandinavian countries were shaken by the Protestant Reformation initiated by Martin Luther in Germany. Denmark and Norway continued to act together under the name Denmark-Norway until 1821. Their kings were one, but their laws, state institutions, and armies continued to evolve separately.

Adoption of the Norwegian constitution

In the early 19th century, Denmark was shaken to its foundations by the Napoleonic Wars. Denmark entered into an alliance with France to defend itself against Britain. However, when France lost the war, Denmark had to cede Norway to Sweden, which was a member of the winning side, in accordance with the Treaty of Kiel signed in 1814. On May 17, 1814, Norway adopted the first constitution in its history. Today, May 17 is celebrated as a national holiday in Norway. The Norwegians were dissatisfied with the Swedish administration. Riots broke out. Finally in 1905 Sweden recognized Norway's independence. Prince of Denmark VII. Haakon was proclaimed king of Norway.

Close age

King Harald V of Norway

Norway remained neutral in World War I. II. Although it intended to remain neutral in World War II, it was attacked by Nazi Germany on April 9, 1940. German forces occupied the cities of Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Kristiansand and Narvik. The Norwegian army resisted for a long time but was forced to surrender on 7 June. King Haakon took refuge in London. Norway remained under occupation until Germany's surrender on May 8, 1945.

In 1949 Norway became a member of NATO. Oil and gas discovered in Norwegian waters in the late 1960s brought great prosperity to Norway. In the referendums held in 1972 and 1994, Norwegian voters rejected the European Union. Norway maintains its relations with the European Union through EFTA, of which it is a member. According to the United Nations reports, Norway is one of the most advanced countries in the world in terms of living standards.